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The aftermarket: exhaust pipes and engine parts

In plain words. Racing watercraft engines used aftermarket exhaust pipes and engine parts. This chapter dates the companies that made them from advertisements, magazines, trademark records and patents, explains what the rule books say about wet and dry pipes, and says plainly where a company's own story is the only source.

This chapter reads what the held documents say about the makers of exhaust pipes and engine parts for racing two-strokes. It dates the pipe names a 1990 flyer lists, follows Factory Pipe and Ocean Pro through advertisements, magazine tests, trademark records and patents, sets out what the rule books and two other texts say about wet and dry pipes, and records what the documents hold on three makers of engine parts.

Words on this page (6)
Aftermarket Part
A part that replaces an original one or is used in addition to it, and is not limited to providing the same function as its OEM counterpart. That is the 2010 glossary saying plainly what the 2002 one implied.
dry pipe
An expansion-chamber exhaust with no water injected into the chamber’s interior, its body cooled instead by a full-length water jacket, as Group K defines it for the Factory Pipe Products pipe its Kawasaki 750 kits use. IHRA names it only as the thing that may not be converted into a wet pipe in the classes that allow one.
expansion chamber
A long metal chamber in a two-stroke exhaust system, which forum and shop writing also call the tuned pipe or simply the pipe. The rulebooks list it with the manifold, head pipe, waterbox and muffler, as IJSBA FREST.3.7 and IHRA S.2.5 do, and in Ski Lites the exhaust must stay stock as the manufacturer supplied it, so an aftermarket one makes the machine ineligible for that class.
head pipe
The section of exhaust between the manifold on the engine and the expansion chamber. The rulebooks name it separately because a class can open one section of the exhaust and not another
waterbox
The final part of the exhaust system, after the expansion chamber, where water is mixed in to muffle the exhaust noise; four-strokes have one as well as two-strokes. Shop writing calls the stock waterbox of the Kawasaki SXi 750 its muffler, but the rulebooks list waterbox and muffler as separate parts. Some classes open it, some bar any change to it, and the hose after it is often free when the box is not.
wet pipe
An exhaust pipe that has cooling water injected into the interior of its expansion chamber, as many PWC exhausts do; a dry pipe has none unless water injection is added. IHRA's Ski GP3 model rules name it twice: the Kawasaki SXR800 may use an aftermarket wet pipe exhaust system, and a Yamaha SuperJet two-stroke fitted with the 701cc cylinder may use a wet pipe that was manufactured, designed and sold as one, which must function as a wet pipe; converting a dry pipe into one is not allowed.

On the engine

In the water path

Under and on top

Around the parts

  1. Shops and their teams
  2. Pipes and engine parts (this chapter)
  3. Pumps, plates and registers
  4. Hulls, rules and closures
The parts the four aftermarket chapters cover, grouped by where they sit. A map of the chapters, not a drawing of any machine, and not every part a ski has.

Pipe names in dated documents, from 1980

Likely

A flyer from Factory Pipe Products, held as the Internet Archive's OCR and dated by that archive to 1990, names eight brands of aftermarket pipes for watercraft; the tests it quotes are of July and August 1990. Advertising a silencer, it says the unit fits stock pipes for the JS 440, JS 550, JS 650, SX and X2, aftermarket short-body pipes from PJS, Kerker, Mariner, Westcoast, R&R Jet Tech, K.T.C., Jetco and Coffman, and long-body pipes from Mariner; the OCR prints Kerker and Mariner without a comma. An advertisement by another pipe maker shows which names it expected its buyers to own, not how many pipes any of them sold. Dated documents place several of those names earlier. Highlights of the February 1988 issue of Personal Watercraft Illustrated, read through the Internet Archive's search and not as articles, print Mariner and Westcoast among the names in advertisements and a Jetco offer of a 16 page catalogue. Highlights of Cycle News for 5 and 12 August 1981 print a line from Mariner offering a complete line of performance accessories for watercraft, and name no pipe. A classified advertisement in Cycle News of 3 September 1980 offers a stainless pump insert and an impeller under the name Westcoast Jet Ski of Anaheim, California, with a 1980 catalogue; it sells pump parts, not pipes. The registry's record of the WESTCOAST mark, registered in 1990 and cancelled in 2001, covers single-rider and two-rider recreational jet boats and their structural parts, and its California corporation claims first use on 1 January 1981, which is its own sworn claim. Two Cycle News advertisements of 9 June 1982 show Coffman's of Huntington Beach, California, selling a pipe for a Suzuki motorcycle and one for an ATC, and the same issue carries a classified placed under the name Coffman's for new dual Jet Ski pipes, which ran in 88 of the 95 issues from 13 January 1982 to 19 October 1983 that the archive's scan read. Cycle News of 25 November 1992 calls Gary Coffman the owner of Coffman's Exhaust Systems; reading the business of 1982 as his rests on the shared name and goods and is the archive's inference. The registry shows a KERKER mark, filed in 1991, whose goods included marine exhaust head pipes, power cones and manifolds, a class later cancelled, and it names SuperTrapp Industries as owner. A Cycle News feature of 19 April 2017, held as its opening paragraph, says the Kerker exhaust company was bought by a rival, SuperTrapp, in the early 1990s, and the held paragraph does not mention watercraft. A search highlight of Cycle News for 12 November 1986 reads as an advertisement from Kerker Exhaust Systems of Canoga Park that names a personal watercraft beside a street motorcycle. No held text states which firm made the pipes the flyer lists under Kerker (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06). R&R Jet Tech's own home page, as the Wayback Machine captured it on 31 December 1996, calls the business a factory authorized dealer celebrating its 12th year, which is the business's account of its age and names no pipe. These are dates for names, not founding stories. This chapter publishes no founding history for Westcoast or Coffman's, because no document for either other than Coffman's own page is held (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06). Coffman's own 2001 history page and forum recollections of Kerker, Mariner, K.T.C. and Jetco are leads and are not used.

Sources: Factory Pipe flyer 1990; Cycle News 3 September 1980; USPTO record serial 73797387; Cycle News 9 June 1982; Cycle News Coffman's Jet Ski ads; Cycle News 25 November 1992; USPTO record serial 74174217; PWI February 1988 trade probes; Cycle News August 1981; Cycle News 12 November 1986; Cycle News Pipe Man 2017; R&R Jet Tech home page 1996

Factory Pipe, from a 1980 advertisement to a 2000 patent

Likely

Factory Pipe Products is first met in the held texts in two Cycle News issues, of 24 September 1980 and 4 February 1981, read as search highlights and not as pages: both print its name beside R5, RD350, 400 and 400F pipes, the first with the street address 3001 S. State St. and the second with the same street in Ukiah, California (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06). The June 1982 Cycle Guide lists the company in a product directory as a maker of expansion chambers for street Yamaha two-strokes, and runs its advertisement for RD pipes, which adds that pipes for ATCs, Trimotos, Odysseys and watercraft are also available. Cycle News of 24 May 1989 calls Ross Liberty the owner of Factory Pipe Products in a short news line. The flyer sells a pipe for the 1986 to 1991 JS 550 and a silencer, and quotes tests in Splash and in Personal Watercraft Illustrated. Personal Watercraft Illustrated visited the Ukiah headquarters in February 1996 and described an exhaust for the Sea-Doo XP with Electronically Controlled Water Injection (ECWI), which sprays water into the exhaust from 2,500 rpm and stops at 5,600 rpm. It reported that, as of press time, the system was not legal at IJSBA-sanctioned events under the 1996 rule book's wording on controlled water devices; no rule book before 2002 is held (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06). Its December 1998 test of a twin-chamber system for the Yamaha GP800 says the company also made the three-pipe exhaust of Polaris's SLX Pro and a three-pipe GP1200 system, developed by a tuner, for Yamaha's 1997 factory racing team. The 2004 World Finals Pro Ski and Pro Runabout overall sheets print Factory Pipe in the sponsors column against more than one entry each, which records what riders entered. The Patent and Trademark Office's record of the FACTORY PIPE mark, filed on 25 May 1994 and registered on 4 June 1996, names Ross H. Liberty as registrant of exhaust systems for recreational watercraft, motorcycles, snowmobiles and ultralight aircraft, among them expansion chambers and water boxes. US patent 6,026,641, filed in 1998 and granted in 2000, names Ross H. Liberty as inventor and covers feeding fluid through a valve into a two-stroke exhaust; it calls ECWI, the name the 1996 test uses, a system its applicant developed, which is how the archive ties the inventor to the company's owner. A patent by another company, US 5,983,633, filed on 30 May 1997 and granted on 16 November 1999, describes a solenoid valve that injects water into an exhaust chamber under electronic control, and neither patent cites the other, so no claim of a first is made here. Factory Pipe's own team page, copyright 2021, says he founded the company in a Southern California garage some 45 years before the page was written, making stamped two-stroke exhausts for motocross; that is the company's account, and the archive holds no independent document dating the founding (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).

Sources: Cycle News 24 September 1980; Cycle News 4 February 1981; Cycle Guide June 1982; Cycle News 24 May 1989; Factory Pipe flyer 1990; PWI May 1996 Factory Pipe test; PWI December 1998 Factory Pipe test; 2004 World Finals Pro Ski overall; 2004 World Finals Pro Runabout overall; USPTO record serial 74529118; US patent 6026641; US patent 5983633; Factory Pipe team page

Ocean Pro in the registry and in a 1988 magazine

Likely

The United States Patent and Trademark Office records Kenneth F. Klus, an individual, as registrant of OCEAN PRO PRODUCTS CA., U.S.A., applied for on 6 July 1987 and registered on 27 December 1988. Its goods run from marine propulsion engine parts, among them exhaust kits, manifolds, chambers, carburettors and pumps, to parts for single-person recreation jet boats such as handlebars, steering adapters, ride plates and flame arrestors. The registration was cancelled in 2009 because no acceptable Section 8 declaration was filed. It gives 1 May 1980 as first use of the name, and an application the same registrant filed in 1989 and abandoned in 1991, whose goods include exhaust pipes, gives 1 December 1978, so his own filings carry two dates, each a claim of his own. He is also the registrant of two marks applied for in 1994, OCEAN PRO, registered on 8 October 1996, and VORTEX, for flame arrestors for personal watercraft engines, registered on 25 March 1997; both have been renewed, and the registry now names a California corporation as owner of each. The registry histories of both marks list an automatic update of assignment of ownership on 19 April 2017, which dates the registry's entry and not the transfer, and no held document gives the date of the transfer itself (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06). Personal Watercraft Illustrated's volume 2 number 1 of 1988 is held only as search highlights, because the Internet Archive no longer holds the issue's files. The highlights call Ken Klus the owner of Ocean Pro Offshore Performance Products (the OCR prints "Off: shore") and say the magazine went to him, as a professional in the field, to get some answers. They quote him on what happens in a pipe, comparing the wave to a smoke ring blown from the mouth, and mention a vacuum. The highlights print little more, so the article's conclusions are not known, and the tie between the magazine's Ken Klus and the registrant rests on the Ocean Pro name. The same issue's highlights also show an Ocean Pro advertisement with a list of hometown dealers.

Sources: USPTO record serial 73670189; USPTO record serial 74613791; USPTO record serial 74532701; USPTO goods sweep Oct 2026; PWI February 1988 search text; PWI February 1988 trade probes

Wet pipes, dry pipes and the waterbox in the held texts

Likely

The documents use wet and dry for exhausts, and say little about why the difference matters. The 2002 rule book requires, in its Limited, Superstock and Modified parts alike, that the exhaust be water injected, of the full circulating water jacket type, or both, within 60 millimetres of the manifold whenever the engine runs. A Limited machine may change the manifold and pipe but must keep the original waterbox, while Superstock and Modified machines may use a modified or aftermarket system, Modified also allowing the muffler to be removed. Personal Watercraft Illustrated's 1996 Factory Pipe test quoted the association's technical director on why that year's book barred devices that alter the water's flow: he said riders had diverted water around parts of the exhaust until it heated up, a safety hazard in his words, and that sound levels depend on the amount of water in it. How the wording of that rule changed by 2002 is set out in the chapter on hulls, rule books and closures. The earliest held book to name the types is the 2010 one (searched the held books of 2002 to 2018, 2026-10-06). In its Stock Spec Ski option for the SuperJet, a wet pipe must have been manufactured, designed and sold as one and keep working as one, and converting a dry pipe to wet is not allowed. Its Sport Spec addendum admits only exhausts originally manufactured as wet style, bars water-jacketed chambers and says electronic water injection is not allowed on any model; the 2012 and 2014 books and the 2015 draft repeat that wording. The IHRA book of June 2026 keeps the dry-pipe sentence for the SuperJet. Two other texts bear on the words. The same 1996 test, which does not use the term dry pipe, says a Factory Pipe injection system shut off at 5,600 rpm, which dried out the pipe, while a bypass hole kept the chamber cooled. Group K's page on the Kawasaki 750 stand-up says dry means no water injected into the interior of the expansion chamber for cooling, and that the Factory Pipe pipe its Limited and Superstock kits use has a full-length water jacket and an injection unit that works only in the mid range. No held text explains why the 2010 and later Sport Spec classes admit only wet-style exhausts, and forum posts that offer reasons are leads and are not used (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).

Sources: 2002 rule book; 2010 rule book; 2012 rule book; 2014 rule book; 2015 draft rule book; IHRA rule book V.20260603; PWI May 1996 Factory Pipe test; Group K Kawasaki 750 racing page

ADA Racing, Jetinetics and Hot Products, as far as the documents go

Likely

No independent document held tells how ADA Racing, Jetinetics or Hot Products began (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-07), so the three are documented here only as far as their own pages and a few outside lines go; a business bureau profile of ADA Racing and a 2009 directory entry for the company behind Jetinetics, seen only in copies saved during research, give founding years that this chapter does not use. ADA Racing's own page, as captured on 5 October 2026, says it designs and makes its products in house in Chandler, Arizona, with no retail store or repair service, and its menu lists billet heads, cylinders, domes, girdle kits and other engine parts for personal watercraft. The June 1996 Splash feature on the Rocket Ship replica lists an ADA head in its motor package. The page gives no founding year, and the date it gives for buying its first Haas machine, 1996, is not one. Jetinetics is documented by the earliest capture of its own site that the archive holds, of 21 December 1996 (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06), which gives Fullerton, California, as its base and offers products, a race results section about its team riders and a technical support newsletter; the team and the results are the firm's own statements. A 2013 page on the same domain describes a balancing and machining company formed in 1963 and does not say how that company relates to the watercraft brand, so the 1963 date is not attached to it. Hot Products appears as "Hot Products/Exceed Int'l Inc." of San Diego in the association's associate member directory of 9 March 2005 and again on its current members page, stamped 21 March 2017. The 2004 World Finals Pro Ski and Pro Runabout sheets also print the name in the sponsors column against an entry each. Personal Watercraft Illustrated's December 1998 test of a Factory Pipe exhaust mentions a Hot Products diaphragm cover plate fitted to the carburettor of its test boat. No founder or founding year is written for any of the three here: each would rest on a company's own telling, on forum recollection or on a listing seen only during research, and none is a source for this chapter.

Sources: ADA Racing About page; Splash June 1996; Jetinetics home page 1996; Jetinetics domain about page 2013; IJSBA associate directory 2005; IJSBA associate members page; PWI December 1998 Factory Pipe test; 2004 World Finals Pro Ski overall; 2004 World Finals Pro Runabout overall

Not covered, and why (4)

Founding histories for Westcoast, ADA Racing, Coffman's and Jetinetics, among them Coffman's account that its first exhaust, built in 1974, was for a motorcycle and that it later made the first performance exhaust for the 440 and 550 stand-ups.
No independent document for a founding history is held (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06), so none is published here. The dated advertisements and registry records (Westcoast 1980 and 1990, Coffman's 1982) show a name at a date, and a 1996 page for Jetinetics shows the firm trading, but none states a founding; Coffman's own 2001 history page is the company's account and carries a first claim, and the 1963 date on the Jetinetics domain belongs to a firm whose relation to the watercraft brand the page does not state.
Factory Pipe was the staple race pipe on 750SXi Pro build sheets.
No source for it is held. The one held page that lists race kits for that machine is a seller's (Group K), which names a Factory Pipe pipe in each of its Limited and Superstock kits; no count of build sheets is held (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06), and staple is a grade the chapter does not use.
Factory Pipe was first to control exhaust water injection electronically.
A first. Another company's patent, US 5,983,633, was filed in 1997, before this one, and describes electronically controlled water injection; the two patents do not cite each other, and the chapter claims no first.
Dry pipes are closed-course equipment because they are much louder and make more power than wet ones.
The mechanism is community knowledge with no citable technical source in the archive (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06). The chapter prints only what the rule books, one magazine and one seller say.

What could not be read (5)

  • The 1996 IJSBA rule book is not held, so the illegality of Electronically Controlled Water Injection at IJSBA events in 1996 rests on one magazine's quotation of rule 9.1.15; no book before 2002 is held anywhere (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).
  • Both water injection patents are held as the USPTO's search records and not as printed patents, and neither says which system was in use first, so no first is claimed for Factory Pipe's system and who was first stays open (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).
  • No technical source for why dry pipes differ from wet ones in power or noise is held. The held texts give the sanctioning body's rule wording from 2002 to 2015, a technical director's reasons for the 1996 water rule as one magazine quotes them, one magazine's account of a pipe drying out when injection stops, and one seller's definition of dry; forum explanations are leads only (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).
  • The pipe names in the 1990 flyer are dated by that flyer and by the other documents named in the first section. No founder or founding year is held from a period document for Mariner, K.T.C., Jetco or R&R Jet Tech, except R&R Jet Tech's own page of 31 December 1996, which says the business was celebrating its 12th year as a dealer, and no product list is held for any of them; K.T.C. is dated by the flyer alone (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).
  • Westcoast, ADA Racing, Coffman's and Jetinetics are written only as dated names, because no held document states a founding for any of them except Coffman's own history page, which is the company's account and carries a first claim, while a page on Jetinetics' domain dates a differently named firm to 1963 without saying how it relates (searched the archive's mirror and research cache, 2026-10-06).

People on record (3)

Each has a page on Key Figures, named for a public role a document records.

Documents cited in this chapter

  • Factory Pipe flyer 1990 (archive.org): Factory Pipe Products, Pipe Dream (promotional flyer, 1990; archive.org OCR), Factory Pipe Products, held by the Internet Archive, 1990; manufacturer primary, medium. A promotional flyer, undated in its text but quoting magazine tests of July and August 1990, for a Kawasaki 550 pipe and a silencer. Its fitment line names aftermarket pipe makers by brand. Medium for what the advertisement prints, including the brand names; its performance claims and testimonials are the company's and are not used. The OCR is partly broken and the phone numbers are replaced in the held copy.
  • Cycle News 3 September 1980 (archive.org): Cycle News, 3 September 1980 (archive.org OCR excerpt: Westcoast Jet Ski classified advertisement), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1980-09-03; enthusiast media, medium. One classified advertisement from a motorcycle weekly's issue of 3 September 1980, placed under the name Westcoast Jet Ski of Anaheim, California, offering pump parts and a 1980 catalogue. Medium as a period advertisement for what it shows the advertiser sold and under what name; its product claims are the advertiser's. Phone numbers are replaced in the held copy.
  • USPTO record serial 73797387 (tsdr.uspto.gov): Trademark Status and Document Retrieval record, serial 73797387, registration 1587668 (WESTCOAST), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1990-03-20; government, high. WESTCOAST, filed 3 May 1989, registered 20 March 1990 and cancelled on 28 April 2001 for a missed declaration, for single-rider and two-rider recreational jet boats and structural parts of them. The registrant, a California corporation, claims first use on 1 January 1981; that is its own sworn claim and is not a founding date. The record was read in a browser session of 22 September 2026 and the held copy is that session's notes, with the owner address replaced in place. The published date is the registration date.
  • Cycle News 9 June 1982 (archive.org): Cycle News, 9 June 1982 (archive.org OCR excerpt: Coffman's classified advertisements), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1982-06-09; enthusiast media, medium. Two classified advertisements from the issue of 9 June 1982 placed by Coffman's of Huntington Beach, California, for pipes for a Suzuki motorcycle and an ATC. Medium as period advertisements for what they show the advertiser sold in that issue; neither names a watercraft. The private classifieds between the two were dropped, and the street address and phone numbers are replaced in the held copy.
  • Cycle News Coffman's Jet Ski ads (archive.org): Cycle News, 13 January 1982 to 19 October 1983: Coffman's classified advertisement for Jet Ski pipes (archive.org OCR excerpts, 88 issues), Cycle News, issues held by the Internet Archive, 1982-01-13; enthusiast media, medium. One line per issue for 88 of the 95 held issues in the span, each the OCR text of a classified advertisement placed under Coffman's name that offers new dual Jet Ski pipes. The OCR prints the heading Jet Skis above it in the first 30 lines only (13 January to 4 August 1982). Medium as period advertisements for what they show the advertiser sold and under what name; the horsepower and racing-rule claims are the advertiser's and are not used. The advertisements name no person. Addresses, phone numbers and OCR address fragments are replaced in the held copy, and the header lists the seven held issues in the span that print no match.
  • Cycle News 25 November 1992 (archive.org): Cycle News, 25 November 1992 (archive.org OCR, excerpt: people-news line naming Gary Coffman as owner of Coffman's Exhaust Systems), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1992-11-25; enthusiast media, medium. A short line in the magazine's people-news column that calls Gary Coffman the owner of Coffman's Exhaust Systems. Only the owner phrase is kept; the rest of the line is removed from the held copy and nothing from it is used. Medium as a period magazine for the owner phrase.
  • USPTO record serial 74174217 (tsdr.uspto.gov): Trademark Status and Document Retrieval record, serial 74174217, registration 1756442 (KERKER), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1993-03-09; government, high. KERKER, filed 10 June 1991 and registered 9 March 1993, for exhausts and parts for marine motor vehicles (head pipes, power cones and manifolds; that class was later cancelled) and for baffles, baffle caps and tips for land vehicles, the land class showing first use on 19 June 1976. The owner is a corporation; its address is removed from the held copy. The record does not say the marine goods were personal watercraft pipes, and nothing in it ties the owner to the pipe maker other documents name beyond the name. (as USPTO record serial 73797387 above)
  • PWI February 1988 trade probes (archive.org): Personal Watercraft Illustrated volume 2 number 1 of 1988 (archive.org full-text search highlights for trade names), Personal Watercraft Illustrated, read through the Internet Archive's full-text search, 1988; enthusiast media, medium. A second set of OCR highlights from the same emptied item as the PWI February 1988 search text, one query per trade name: a Team Butch advertisement, a reference to a team backed by Performance Jet Ski, a Jetco catalogue offer and an Ocean Pro advertisement. Short passages with the OCR's errors, not articles. Medium; the phone numbers in the highlights are replaced in the held copy. The link opens the item's archive.org page; the highlights were read through the full-text search, as the held copy says.
  • Cycle News August 1981 (archive.org): Cycle News, 5 and 12 August 1981 (archive.org full-text search highlights: Mariner advertisement), Cycle News, issues held by the Internet Archive, 1981-08-05; enthusiast media, medium. One OCR passage from each of two issues, 5 August 1981 and 12 August 1981 (archive.org item cycle-news-1981-08-12), that the Internet Archive's full-text search returned; neither page was read. Each prints a line offering Jet Ski products from Mariner, described as Mariner's complete line of performance accessories for Jet Skis, and no pipe is named. Medium as a period advertisement for the name Mariner and what the advertiser said it sold. (as Cycle News 3 September 1980 above)
  • Cycle News 12 November 1986 (archive.org): Cycle News, 12 November 1986 (archive.org full-text search for Kerker and jet ski: Kerker Exhaust Systems advertisement), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1986-11-12; enthusiast media, medium. Passages of the issue's OCR that the Internet Archive's full-text search returned, not the page; the issue's own text was not read. The first two lines read as an advertisement signed Kerker Exhaust Systems, Canoga Park, saying a champion uses the product on his street motorcycle and personal jet ski; the third line, which asks readers to call Kerker for a catalog, may belong to the same advertisement. Medium as a period advertisement for what the advertiser said, which shows the name beside a personal jet ski and names no pipe. A phone number is replaced in the held copy.
  • Cycle News Pipe Man 2017 (cyclenews.com): Archives, The Pipe Man (Cycle News, 19 April 2017), opening excerpt, Cycle News, 2017-04-19; enthusiast media, medium. A later retrospective by a magazine writer on the founder of Kerker Exhaust Systems. Its first paragraph says the Kerker company was purchased by a rival, SuperTrapp, in the early 1990s, and cites no source; the article does not mention watercraft. Medium for what the magazine reports, not as a contemporary record. Only the headline, byline, caption and first paragraph are held; the rest of the article, which carries personal detail, is not copied.
  • R&R Jet Tech home page 1996 (web.archive.org): Welcome to R&R Jet Tech (rrjettech.com, Wayback capture of 31 December 1996), R&R Jet Tech, 1996-12-31; manufacturer primary, low. The business's own page, read as the Wayback Machine captured it on 31 December 1996. It calls the business a factory authorized Kawasaki, Yamaha and Sea-Doo dealer celebrating its 12th year, and introduces a 1996 hi-performance catalog; it names no pipe. Low: a business's account of its own age, and the capture date is when it was read, not when the page was written. Addresses, phone and fax numbers and the web designer's credit are replaced in the held copy.
  • Cycle News 24 September 1980 (archive.org): Cycle News, 24 September 1980 (archive.org full-text search highlights: Factory Pipe Products advertisement), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1980-09-24; enthusiast media, medium. Three OCR passages that the Internet Archive's full-text search returned for the issue, not the page or the full advertisement; the issue's own text was not read. They print Factory Pipe Products, Dept. CN, 3001 S. State St. #30, offering pipes for Yamaha RD400s and the like, and R5, RD350, 400 and 400F pipes. The passages do not print the town. Medium as a period advertisement for the name, street address and pipes the advertiser printed; its claims are the advertiser's. (as Cycle News 3 September 1980 above)
  • Cycle News 4 February 1981 (archive.org): Cycle News, 4 February 1981 (archive.org full-text search highlights: Factory Pipe Products advertisement), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1981-02-04; enthusiast media, medium. Two OCR passages that the Internet Archive's full-text search returned for the issue, not the page or the full advertisement; the issue's own text was not read. One prints Factory Pipe Products at 3001 S. State St. #30, Ukiah, CA 95482, and the other prints Factory Pipe Products R5, RD350, 400 and 400F pipes at a price, its start running on from a different classified. Medium as a period advertisement for the name, address and pipes the advertiser printed; its claims are the advertiser's. (as Cycle News 12 November 1986 above)
  • Cycle Guide June 1982 (archive.org): Cycle Guide, June 1982 (archive.org OCR, Factory Pipe Products directory entry and advertisement), Cycle Guide, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1982-06; enthusiast media, medium. Two excerpts of a motorcycle magazine's June 1982 issue: a product-directory entry for Factory Pipe Products of Ukiah, California, and its display advertisement, whose last lines add pipes for other machines, watercraft among them. Medium as a period magazine; the entry is the maker's information and the advertisement is its own. (as Cycle News 3 September 1980 above)
  • Cycle News 24 May 1989 (held here, not public): Cycle News, 24 May 1989 (archive.org OCR, excerpts), Cycle News, issue held by the Internet Archive, 1989-05-24; enthusiast media, medium. Two excerpts of the issue's OCR: a motorcycle enduro report, and a short personal notice that calls Ross Liberty the owner of Factory Pipe Products. The notice's family details are removed from the held copy; only the owner phrase is used.
  • PWI May 1996 Factory Pipe test (web.archive.org): Factory Pipe Products Sea-Doo XP 720 Exhaust System, by Jeff Hain (Personal Watercraft Illustrated, May 1996, Wayback capture), Personal Watercraft Illustrated, 1996-05; enthusiast media, medium. The magazine's test of the exhaust at Factory Pipe Products' headquarters, naming Ross Liberty as owner, describing his Electronically Controlled Water Injection (ECWI), and reporting that the ECWI was not legal at IJSBA events as of press time. The article's own verdicts on the product are not used.
  • PWI December 1998 Factory Pipe test (web.archive.org): Factory Pipe's Yamaha WaveRunner GP800 Exhaust Systems, by Jeff Hain (Personal Watercraft Illustrated, December 1998, Wayback capture), Personal Watercraft Illustrated, 1998-12; enthusiast media, medium. The magazine's test of a Factory Pipe twin exhaust for the Yamaha GP800, twice naming Factory Pipe owner Ross Liberty. Phone numbers in its supplier list are removed from the held copy; the product verdicts are not used.
  • 2004 World Finals Pro Ski overall (web.archive.org): 2004 World Finals, Pro Ski overall points (PDF, Wayback capture), International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2004; sanctioning body, high. Pro Ski overall points by boat, name, hometown and sponsors, with three motos and the sum. One rider who rode all three motos is missing from this overall, so the sheet is read with the moto sheets.
  • 2004 World Finals Pro Runabout overall (web.archive.org): 2004 World Finals, Pro Runabout overall points (PDF, Wayback capture), International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2004; sanctioning body, high. Pro Runabout overall points by boat, with three motos and the sum. The sheet prints no position column and its cells drift out of line partway down the list, so an overall position read from it is an inference.
  • USPTO record serial 74529118 (tsdr.uspto.gov): Trademark Status and Document Retrieval record, serial 74529118, registration 1977631 (FACTORY PIPE), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1996-06-04; government, high. FACTORY PIPE, filed 25 May 1994, registered 4 June 1996, renewed, for exhaust systems for recreational watercraft, motorcycles, snowmobiles and ultralight aircraft. Registrant and current owner Liberty, Ross H., an individual. The status view leaves the first-use field blank. Owner and correspondent addresses are removed from the held copy. (as USPTO record serial 73797387 above)
  • US patent 6026641 (patents.google.com): US patent 6,026,641, Method and apparatus for improved control of exhaust gas temperature from a two-stroke engine (USPTO record), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2000-02-22; government, high. Filed 2 February 1998, granted 22 February 2000, inventor printed as Liberty; Ross H., no assignee, five claims for water fed through a valve into a two-stroke exhaust with a means of smoothing its pulses. The background calls ECWI a system developed by the applicant. An earlier filing by another company covers electronically controlled water injection too, so no page calls this a first. Held as the USPTO Patent Public Search record; the link is the Google Patents page.
  • US patent 5983633 (patents.google.com): US patent 5,983,633, Electronically controlled water injection system (USPTO record), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1999-11-16; government, high. Filed 30 May 1997 and granted 16 November 1999 to a company, Autotronic Controls Corporation of El Paso, Texas, with three inventors named. Its claims cover an exhaust chamber into which a solenoid valve, driven by a pulse width modulator that follows an engine rpm signal, injects coolant water; the background names two stroke engines in personal watercraft. It does not cite, and was granted before, the patent held as us-patent-6026641. A patent proves inventors, dates and claims, not that a part raced or sold. (as US patent 6026641 above)
  • Factory Pipe team page (factorypipe.com): Our Team (Factory Pipe page, copyright 2021), Factory Pipe, LLC, 2021; manufacturer primary, low. The company's own team page, copyright 2021, whose first entry says its owner founded it some 45 years earlier making stamped two-stroke exhaust systems for aftermarket motocross. Low: a founding date and place are the company's own account of its history. The held copy keeps that entry and the page footer; six staff entries, which carry family and personal details, are omitted, one family word in the first entry is replaced in place, and the phone and fax numbers are replaced.
  • USPTO record serial 73670189 (tsdr.uspto.gov): Trademark Status and Document Retrieval record, serial 73670189, registration 1517776 (OCEAN PRO PRODUCTS CA., U.S.A.), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1988-12-27; government, high. OCEAN PRO PRODUCTS CA., U.S.A., filed 6 July 1987, registered 27 December 1988, cancelled 1 August 2009 under Section 8, for marine engine parts and parts for single-person jet boats including ride plates and flame arrestors. Registrant and owner KLUS, KENNETH F., an individual. The first use claimed, 1 May 1980, is the registrant's sworn claim.
  • USPTO record serial 74613791 (tsdr.uspto.gov): Trademark Status and Document Retrieval record, serial 74613791, registration 2005577 (OCEAN PRO), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1996-10-08; government, high. OCEAN PRO, filed 22 December 1994, registered 8 October 1996, renewed, for marine engine parts and jet boat parts. Registrant KLUS, KENNETH F.; current owner Atlantis Investments, Inc., a California corporation. The record does not date the change of owner.
  • USPTO record serial 74532701 (tsdr.uspto.gov): Trademark Status and Document Retrieval record, serial 74532701, registration 2046925 (VORTEX), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 1997-03-25; government, high. VORTEX, filed 3 June 1994, registered 25 March 1997, renewed, for flame arrestors for personal watercraft engines. Registrant KLUS, KENNETH F.; current owner Atlantis Investments, Inc. The first use claimed, 28 April 1988, is the registrant's sworn claim.
  • USPTO goods sweep Oct 2026 (tmsearch.uspto.gov): USPTO tmsearch records, goods-text sweep for watercraft under-hull and pump parts marks (read 2026-10-06), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2026-10-06; government, high. Our extract of USPTO's own trademark search records, read on 2026-10-06 through the search's JSON endpoint with a browser user agent. It prints the six goods-text queries, the rule by which 29 marks were kept from the 85 records returned, and each kept mark's dates, status, owner as printed and goods. High for what the register records. The count it supports is a count of what these queries returned, not of every mark in the trade.
  • PWI February 1988 search text (archive.org): Personal Watercraft Illustrated volume 2 number 1 of 1988 (archive.org full-text search highlights), Personal Watercraft Illustrated, read through the Internet Archive's full-text search, 1988; enthusiast media, medium. The item's files are gone from archive.org (its metadata places it in a collection of emptied items), so only the search index's OCR highlights could be read: short passages, not the article. They name Ken Klus as owner of Ocean Pro and quote him on exhaust pipes, and print closed course results naming a Bill Chapin. The February date rests on a page footer read in an earlier probe of the same item.
  • 2002 rule book (web.archive.org): IJSBA 2002 Official Competition Rule Book, International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2002; sanctioning body, high. The complete 2002 book in 25 sections, the oldest full IJSBA rule book held here, served from a Norwegian club's document server and captured by the Wayback Machine. Four numbered technical parts (Stock, Limited, Superstock, Modified), three divisions, the 500 and 200 unit homologation figures, and the United States class list.
  • 2010 rule book (web.archive.org): IJSBA 2010 Official Competition Rule Book, International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2010; sanctioning body, high. The complete 2010 book, kept by the Czech affiliate after IJSBA removed it. Part 8 is headed Open Class with Superstock as an addendum; the Stock part carries the Lites and class naming addenda; part 4 prints the 500 unit figure without a Ski exception and the 100 unit route below it; the appendix adds Special Production homologation below 100 units.
  • 2012 rule book (web.archive.org): IJSBA 2012 Official Competition Rule Book, International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2012; sanctioning body, high. The complete 2012 book. Its Lites addendum redefines Runabout Lites as four-stroke naturally aspirated Stock runabouts under 2000cc, and its Ski sponson rule is dated to itself, as of 2012, for the four-sponson allowance on Lites-eligible Ski.
  • 2014 rule book (web.archive.org): IJSBA 2014 Official Competition Rule Book, International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2014; sanctioning body, high. The complete 2014 book. Runabout Lites is renamed Runabout Rec Lites in the addendum, and the class list adds Vintage Ski (JS type hulls only, 550cc maximum), Sport GP and Runabout 1000 Superstock.
  • 2015 draft rule book (web.archive.org): IJSBA 2015 Official Competition Rule Book (draft), International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2015; sanctioning body, high. A draft, as its file name says, so cited only where it repeats earlier books. Its class list is the 2014 list unchanged, Vintage Ski included.
  • IHRA rule book V.20260603 (ihra.com): IHRA Pro Watercraft Racing Competition Rulebook, version V.20260603, International Hot Rod Association, Pro Watercraft Racing, 2026-06-03; sanctioning body, high. The 95-page book, sections A to EE, held here as extracted text and read from it for this chapter. B.7 is the homologation bar (300 identical units, an established distribution network reaching the global market); C.1.3 the freestyle overview; H.1 to H.7 the freestyle operations; I.10 and J.6 the freestyle exemptions; CC the freestyle technical rules, whose CC.1 prints the one open-list sentence in the document. The public address is the rules page, because the PDF is served from an expiring signed link; the version string is the date to cite.
  • Group K Kawasaki 750 racing page (groupk.com): Kawasaki SXI Pro 750, Racing Mods (Group K page), Group K; manufacturer primary, medium. The shop's page for its kits for the Kawasaki 750 stand-up, written about 2002: a preface on a 2001 relationship with Kawasaki's race team, the exhaust section that defines the shop's use of dry for a Factory Pipe pipe, and the kit lists. Medium as a seller's description of products it sells; its relationship claims are the shop's own and no Kawasaki document is held. The held copy omits the site menus and replaces the phone number in place; its prices are not used.
  • ADA Racing About page (adaracing.com): About Us (ADA Racing page, read 2026), ADA Racing; manufacturer primary, medium. The company's own page, read from a copy saved on 5 October 2026: in-house design and manufacturing in Chandler, Arizona, no retail store or repair service, and a menu of watercraft part categories. Medium for what it says the company does now; it gives no founding year, and the date of its first machine tool is not a founding date.
  • Splash June 1996 (held here, not public): Riding A Rocket, Splash, June 1996, pages 40 to 42 (our transcription of the owner's printed copy), Splash magazine, 1996-06; enthusiast media, medium. A period magazine feature on a race replica of his Sea-Doo HX, read from phone photographs of the owner's printed copy on 26 August 2026 and transcribed in our own record, already held here, so it is kept there rather than copied. The modification package and two short phrases are verbatim; the record's account of the article's running text is a summary in the transcriber's words, so a page restating it says so. The magazine has no public address, so the article is held here only. The continuation on page 44 was not read.
  • Jetinetics home page 1996 (web.archive.org): Welcome to Jetinetics (jetinetics.com, Wayback capture of 21 December 1996), Jetinetics, 1996-12-21; manufacturer primary, medium. The earliest capture of the firm's own site, copyright 1996, naming Fullerton, California, and offering products, a race results section about its team riders and a technical support newsletter. Medium for the firm's existence and what it offered on that date; its statements about its team and results are its own, and the archive holds nothing that confirms them (checked 2026-10-06).
  • Jetinetics domain about page 2013 (web.archive.org): About Duonetics, Est. 1963 (page served at jetinetics.com/about.htm, Wayback capture of 27 September 2013), Duonetics, on the jetinetics.com domain, 2013-09-27; manufacturer primary, low. A page on the Jetinetics domain describing a precision balancing and machining company formed in 1963, with a second name in its body, and not stating any link to the watercraft brand that used the domain in 1996. Low: a company's own account of its history, and a different business as far as the page says. Used only to show that the 1963 date is not attached to the watercraft brand. The held copy ends with a note added when it was saved, which is not the page's text.
  • IJSBA associate directory 2005 (web.archive.org): IJSBA associate members, corporate member directory (Wayback capture of 9 March 2005), International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2005-03-09; sanctioning body, high. The association's own list of companies holding associate membership, as its site showed it on 9 March 2005, each with an address and most with a named contact. High for which companies the association listed and whom it named for each; it gives no title or office for a contact. Phone numbers and email addresses are replaced in the held copy.
  • IJSBA associate members page (ijsba.com): IJSBA Associate Members (IJSBA page), International Jet Sports Boating Association, 2017-03-21; sanctioning body, high. The association's current list of associate members, read live on 5 October 2026; the page carries a last-modified stamp of 21 March 2017, which is the date given here. High for whom the association lists; it gives no office for a named contact. (as IJSBA associate directory 2005 above)

Changes to this chapter

  • 2026-10-07: Corrected the 1982 Coffman's sentence, which said the advertisements of 9 June 1982 named no watercraft: the same issue, and 87 others, carry a Coffman's classified for Jet Ski pipes, which the held excerpt had left out. The section also names Gary Coffman, who has a Key Figures record since the third set, as Cycle News named him in 1992. The section on ADA Racing, Jetinetics and Hot Products now dates its search and says that two outside listings, not held, give founding years it does not use.
Cite this page

“The aftermarket: exhaust pipes and engine parts”, BaddJet archive, https://baddjetarchive.com/racing/history/aftermarket-pipes-and-engine-parts/

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1980 to 2026 · 5 sections · 0 contested · 4 claims held back

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